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Coal gasification technology is the basis for the development of coal-based chemicals, coal-based liquid fuels, combined-cycle power generation, polygeneration systems, hydrogen production, and fuel cells, and is the common technology, key technology, and leading technology of these industries. Economic and national security have important strategic significance.
In view of the huge market in China, many coal gasification technologies of large foreign companies have started a new round of competition in China. According to estimates of experts, China's coal gasification in the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period is about 100 million tons. Methanol plants, ammonia plants, coal oil plants under construction, coal-to-olefin plants under construction, coal oil plants, methanol plants, etc., have all demonstrated strong demand for coal gasification technology.
According to Professor Wang Fuchen of East China University of Technology Institute of Clean Coal Technology, China has introduced foreign coal gasification technology since the 1980s and has been relying on imports for many years. Technologies introduced in China include Lurgi's fixed-bed gasification, U-gas fluidized-bed gasification, Texaco gas-flow coal-water slurry gasification, and the introduction of new BGL fixed-bed gasification in the near future. , Shell pulverized coal gasification, GSP airflow pulverized coal gasification, and Texaco entrained bed coal-water slurry gasification, which is still in a strong import trend.
According to incomplete statistics, the coal gasification equipment imported from China consumes about 58,000 tons of coal each day. Based on this estimate, the patent licensing fees for the introduction of coal gasification technology have reached more than 200 million U.S. dollars. This does not include expensive proprietary equipment fees and on-site technical service fees. It is estimated that proprietary equipment costs hundreds of millions of dollars in foreign exchange.
The early introduction of coal gasification technology has indeed played a catalytic role in the development of China's economy. However, since the introduced coal gasification technologies are not all perfect technologies, China has become a testing ground for foreign gasification technologies. At present, only China uses so many kinds of coal gasification technology in the world, and many blind and immature introductions have made China pay a heavy price.
For example, Shell gas pulverized coal gasification technology has been introduced into various parts of the country. Because this technology will inevitably undergo a period of digestion and absorption and practice in China, according to past experience, the country will definitely have to pay for it. In fact, the expensive investment has already made it unbearable for the relevant manufacturers.
With the support of the relevant ministries and commissions of the country, the research team led by Prof. Yu Zunhong of the Institute of Clean Coal Technology of East China University of Technology, after more than 20 years of research, cooperated with Yankuang Group Co., Ltd. to successfully develop fully independent intellectual property rights and international initiative. The multi-nozzle opposed coal-water slurry gasification technology has successfully achieved industrialization and has nearly 20 invention patents and utility model patents. In addition, multi-nozzle opposed pulverized coal gasification technology has also achieved successful pilot tests. Due to the invention of this technology in China, the technology introduced from abroad has now forced the patent licensing fees to be substantially reduced.
However, in the process of popularization and application, this technology has encountered many intangible and visible resistance.
Experts called for the current oversupply of coal gasification technology in China. The state should stop the repeated introduction of new rounds of foreign technology, encourage and support enterprises to use domestic technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and provide loans, discounts, interest payments, and tax credits for projects, funds, and bank loans. Other policies (such as access to electrical energy) provide support. This will create favorable conditions for the promotion of coal gasification technology with independent intellectual property rights. On the one hand, it can promote the application of China's coal gasification technology with independent intellectual property rights as early as possible to large-scale applications, and stimulate the development of related national industries. On the other hand, huge patent fees can be saved.
Be vigilant for foreign coal gasification technology testing ground
The coal-based energy structure in China determines that China must base itself on national conditions and vigorously develop clean coal technology. Among them, the most critical and important is to cleanly and efficiently convert coal into syngas (CO+H2), the coal gasification technology. At present, China already has coal gasification technology with completely independent intellectual property rights, and successfully completed industrialization demonstrations. However, coal gasification technologies abroad are still repeatedly introduced. Experts called for caution: China has become a testing ground for foreign coal gasification technology.