With the development of microelectronics technology, the speed of microprocessors is getting faster and faster, and the price is getting lower and lower. It has been widely used in instrumentation, making some real-time requirements very high. The functions that were originally completed by hardware can be passed. Software to achieve. Even many of the problems that were previously difficult to solve with hardware circuits or that cannot be solved at all can be solved with software technology. The development of digital signal processing technology and the wide adoption of high-speed digital signal processors have greatly enhanced the signal processing capabilities of the instrument. Digital filtering, FFT, correlation, convolution, etc. are common methods of signal processing. Their common feature is that the main operations of the algorithm are composed of iterative multiplication and addition. If these operations are performed on a general-purpose microcomputer, the calculation time is Longer, and the digital signal processor through the hardware to complete the above multiplication and addition operations, greatly improving the performance of the instrument and promote the digital signal processing technology in the field of instrumentation is widely used.

From the development trends and characteristics of modern instrumentation science and technology, the key technologies for instrumentation development can be listed as follows:

1 sensor technology. Sensing technology is not only the basis for instrument and instrument detection, it is also the basis for instrument and instrument control. This is not only because the control must be based on detecting the input information, but also because of the precision and status of the control, and it must be perceived, otherwise the control of the control effect is still blind control.

2 system integration technology. System integration technology directly affects the breadth and level of application of instrumentation and measurement control science and technology. It has a decisive influence on the degree of automation and benefits of large-scale projects, large-scale systems, and large-scale installations. It is a system-level information fusion control technology. Including the system's requirements analysis and modeling technology, physical layer configuration technology, system information and communication conversion technology in various parts of the system, application layer control strategy implementation technology. In the case of operators who operate in a variety of positions, they also include requirements analysis techniques for operators at all levels.

3 intelligent control technology. Intelligent control technology is a technology in which humans approach the best way to monitor intelligent tools, equipment, and systems to achieve their intended goals in a near-optimal manner through measurement and control systems. It is a technology that directly involves the effectiveness of measurement and control systems. It is from information technology to knowledge. The key to economic and technological development. Intelligent control technology can be said to be the most important and critical software resource in the measurement and control system. Intelligent control technologies include human-like feature extraction technology, target automatic identification technology, knowledge self-learning technology, environment adaptive technology, and optimal decision-making technology.

4 man-machine interface technology. The man-machine interface technology is mainly for the convenience of instrumentation operators or the main equipment equipped with instrumentation, the operator of the main system to operate the instrumentation or main equipment, and the main system service. It makes instrumentation a direct tool for mankind to understand the world and transform the world. Instrumentation, and even the main equipment equipped with instrumentation, the operability and maintainability of the main system are mainly completed by man-machine interface technology. Instrumentation has a beautiful, delicate, simple operation, easy maintenance of human-machine interface, and often become an important condition for people to choose instruments and main equipment and main system equipped with instruments and meters.

5 reliability technology. With the increasing application of instrumentation and measurement and control systems, reliability technology plays an important role in improving combat effectiveness and maintaining normal work, especially in military, aerospace, electric power, nuclear industrial facilities, large-scale engineering and industrial production. Once these departments fail, they will have disastrous consequences. Therefore, the reliability, security, and configurability of the device, especially the reliability, security, and maintainability of the entire system including the measured and controlled system are particularly important.