From the perspective of the displacement direction of conveying materials, screw conveyors are divided into two types: horizontal screw conveyors and vertical screw conveyors. They are mainly used for horizontal conveying of various powder, granular and small pieces of loose materials. And vertical lifting, this machine is not suitable for conveying special materials that are easily deteriorated, viscous, easy to agglomerate or high temperature, afraid of pressure, and highly corrosive.
The characteristics of the screw conveyor are: simple structure, small cross-sectional size, good sealing, reliable operation, low production cost, convenient intermediate loading and unloading, and the conveying direction can be reversed or conveyed in opposite directions. During the process, the materials can also be stirred, mixed, heated and cooled. The material flow can be adjusted through the loading and unloading gate. However, it is not suitable to convey materials that are perishable, viscous, easy to agglomerate and bulky. During the conveying process, the material is easily broken, and the screw and the trough are easily worn.
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According to a number of assessments by the United Nations Energy Organization, a large-scale exploitation of oil reserves on the earth for another 40 years or so will tend to be exhausted. If no new alternative resources are found, it will not only have a huge impact on the transportation industry and related industries, but also The petrochemical industry, which uses ethylene as raw material, will also become a "no straw." Against this background, fuel ethanol is valued as a renewable recycling resource, not only as a new energy source, but also as an ethylene, supporting the petrochemical industry in the “post-oil era†and becoming the emerging foundation in this century. industry.
The outlook changes
However, today, the outlook for fuel ethanol has changed subtly. Many people believe that the production of corn fuel ethanol is one of the root causes of rising food prices. At the same time, there are others who believe that the energy used to make fuel ethanol will provide more than this alternative fuel.
Almost all biofuels in the United States are corn-based. According to the data, using corn as raw material to produce fuel ethanol is a manufacturing method that requires a lot of energy. Producing 1 calorie of bio-energy requires about 4 calories of energy, which is usually derived from fossil fuels. That is, every 100 calories of carbohydrates in corn need to consume about 400 calories of energy from coal, natural gas or oil. Energy consumption is at various stages such as production of fertilizers, planting, harvesting, processing and transportation.
New energy-saving process
According to a recent report by the US "MIT Technology Review" magazine, in order to make corn fuel ethanol production methods more energy-efficient, researchers at the University of Washington are exploring a new process, namely the use of a kind of winery and wastewater treatment plant. In the production method, a fermenter with low oxygen content is naturally obtained from the organic waste as a source during the fermentation process.
The main theoretical basis of this new process is that when the bacteria breaks down the waste, it releases methane, which can be returned through the system again to provide the factory with energy for production. This process requires only a small amount of energy to maintain normal operation and can generate energy during production to further reduce energy costs. A research team headed by Largus Angenent, a professor of chemical engineering at the University of Washington, has conducted anaerobic fermentation experiments on waste at the ethanol plant. The results show that the process can save 50% of natural gas in the ethanol production process. The team has published this research result in a recent issue of the American Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.
Angenent has just recently become an assistant professor of biology and environmental engineering at Cornell University. His evaluation of this new technology is: "This is a transitional process. Its advantage is that it can be applied immediately."
Angenent said that this technology can play a transitional role in a short period of time before the commercialization of a more energy-efficient production process such as fuel ethanol from non-grain feedstock lignocellulose. "The new technologies that are expected to mature after 10 or 20 years are not as good as the transitional technologies that can be immediately found," said Angenent.
The screw conveyor has the advantages of simple structure, low production cost, strong sealing, safe and convenient operation, etc. It can be loaded and unloaded at multiple points in the middle. It is widely used in chemical, building materials, metallurgy, grain and other departments. When the inclination angle is β<20°, it can transport powdery, granular and small pieces of materials that are not viscous, not easy to deteriorate, and not easy to agglomerate.
Ethanol production process is more energy efficient
Just a year ago, fuel ethanol was a red-hot renewable energy source.