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Overcapacity Profitability Reduction Currently, China's total sulphuric acid production capacity has reached 71 million tons per year. There are also large-scale sulphuric acid plants based on phosphorus and compound fertilizers and energy sources. The non-ferrous metal industry also has a number of reconstruction and new smelting plants. The production of pyrite-based sulphuric acid plant and production capacity of some gypsum, hydrogen sulphide, waste sulphuric acid regeneration and recovery sulphuric acid sulphuric acid projects are also under way. The total sulphuric acid production capacity in China will exceed 85 million tons by 2015. year. According to demand calculations, at that time, China's sulphuric acid production capacity will exceed 10 million tons/year, the market is in a state of serious oversupply, product prices will operate at a low level, and the profitability of enterprises will be reduced.
Sulfuric acid is a low value-added, highly corrosive chemical product that is not easy to store and is not suitable for long-distance transportation. Gui Qi, director of the China Sulfuric Acid Industry Association, pointed out that to ensure the efficient operation of the sulphuric acid plant, it is crucial to control the development of production capacity. According to the demand for sulfuric acid in various industries, by 2015 China's sulfuric acid production capacity should be controlled within 80 million tons/year, and the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†requires that no new sulfuric acid plant be built in the past five years to control the development of production capacity and accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity. In particular, in eastern China where the production capacity of sulphuric acid is severely oversupplied, sulphuric acid plants with pyrite and sulphur as raw materials are not allowed to be constructed in the east China and northwest regions with sufficient supply of smelting acid, and in southern China without downstream acid products. According to clean production standards for sulfuric acid, new pollutant discharge standards, comprehensive energy consumption standards for products, and quota standards for water intake, we must expedite the elimination of backward production capacity with low utilization of waste heat, high energy consumption, and heavy pollution, and environmental protection along rivers, rivers, lakes, and seas. Strictly control the area, eliminate 200,000 tons/year of pyrite-based sulphuric acid plant, eliminate 100,000 tons/year of pyrite and sulphuric acid plant underneath the requirements in other areas; eliminate a batch of small-scale smelting acid supply areas , Poor waste heat recovery rate, "three wastes" discharge substandard small and medium pyrite and sulfur acid plant.
Sulphur resources are too high for external dependence At present, China's sulfur resources mainly include: pyrite, non-ferrous metal ores and by-product sulphur sands, petroleum refining, natural gas purification, and sulfur recovered during the processing of high-sulfur coals. China is a country with a shortage of sulphur resources. Among the sulphuric acid raw materials, pyrite is one of the 13 scarce resources identified by the Ministry of Land and Resources. The domestic production of sulphur is less than 2 million tons/year, and it can only meet the demand of 20%; Non-ferrous metals Mineral resources are far from meeting domestic demand. The non-ferrous metal mines required by large-scale smelters, especially copper smelters, mainly rely on imports, which already account for over 60% of demand. Last year, China's sulfur resource consumption was 23,590,000 tons, an increase of 7% year-on-year. Among them, sulfur consumption was 11.87 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 18.6%; imported sulfur resources exceeded 14 million tons, accounting for 59.4% of sulfur resource consumption, an increase of 6 percentage points from 2008.
China's sulphur resources are self-sufficient, foreign dependence is high, and price fluctuations are large, which increases speculative opportunities and makes sulphur a popular commodity in the market. This year's sulphur market price reappeared to fluctuate widely. The CIF price of sulfur fell from US$200 (t price, the same below) at the beginning of the year to 70-80 US dollars in July, and it jumped again in late July. The time went up by 50%. The insufficient supply of domestic sulfur resources has become a bottleneck restricting the healthy development of China's sulfuric acid and phosphate fertilizer industry.
Experts suggested that speeding up the adjustment of raw materials structure, making full use of the non-ferrous smelting by-product sulfuric acid and associated sulphur refined sand resources and other measures to increase the proportion of smelting acid and recovery of sulphur dioxide, waste gypsum, waste sulphuric acid and other sulphuric acids in China's sulphuric acid raw material structure. It is recommended that the State provide policy support for the same treatment of imported sulfur and domestic sulphur, and that the value-added tax will be refunded by 50%.
Strict requirements for environmental protection pressures The main pollutants discharged from the sulfuric acid industry include air pollutants and water pollutants, of which atmospheric pollutants are mainly sulfur dioxide, and water pollutants are mainly heavy metals. Sulfur dioxide is the most harmful component in the atmosphere and is the main cause of acid rain in China. China's sulfuric acid industry has an annual sulfur dioxide emission of about 100,000 tons, accounting for 0.4% of the country's sulfur dioxide emissions, and it is the larger sulfur dioxide emission source in the chemical industry. At present, the sulfuric acid industrial environmental protection problem in China is still outstanding. A considerable number of small and medium-sized enterprises do not meet the emission standards for sulfur dioxide emissions. Some of the pyrite-based acid plant also uses a water-washing purification process, which consumes large amounts of water and discharges large amounts of sewage.
A few days ago, the Ministry of Environmental Protection Ministers' Meeting had passed the "Sulphuric Acid Industrial Pollutants Emission Standards" approval draft, and strictly stipulated waste water and exhaust gas emission limits. Taking the air pollutant discharge standard requirements as an example, it is stipulated that from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012, the existing enterprises shall implement the emission limit of sulfur dioxide pollutants of 860mg/m3; the provisions shall be as of January 1, 2013. Since then, the existing enterprises have implemented emission limits for sulfur dioxide pollutants of 400mg/m3. At present, most of the sulphuric acid plants cannot meet this requirement, and the sulphuric acid companies will be eliminated if they fail to meet the pollutant discharge standards of the sulphuric acid plants.
In addition, new water intake quotas, energy consumption standards and production licenses and other detailed implementation documents will also be introduced one after another. Sulfuric acid industry has put forward more stringent requirements, sulfuric acid companies need to be treated with caution and take appropriate measures, otherwise they will be eliminated.
"Three Mountains" Pressured on Sulfuric Acid Industry
China's sulfuric acid production has ranked first in the world for five consecutive years. Recently, it was reported from the 30th National Sulfuric Acid Industry Technical Exchange Conference that after the development of the sulfuric acid industry in China in the last 25 years, the production capacity and output have increased substantially. However, the excess capacity of sulfuric acid and the dependence on sulphur resources have increased year by year. Increase the "three mountains." Experts pointed out that it is necessary to overturn the “three mountains†as soon as possible to advance the scientific and orderly development of the sulfuric acid industry.