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Basic knowledge of lightning protection
Lightning is a natural phenomenon of atmospheric discharge, and lightning sometimes causes natural disasters. The scope and manifestations of lightning disasters are constantly changing in the course of human society development. At the same time, lightning science and protection technology have also been continuously developed in the process of human understanding of lightning and lightning storms.
Each time around the world, about 2,000 locations experience thunderstorms. On average, about 8 million lightning strikes occur each day, and each lightning releases about 55 kWh of energy in microseconds. The environment we live in is not only passively accepted by natural disasters, but also actively provides conditions for the formation and development of disasters. From the long-term past, thunder and lightning pose a great threat to human, natural resources and the material civilization created by mankind. For example, more than 50% of forest fires are caused by lightning: buildings that people live in are repeatedly damaged by lightning; industrial facilities such as electricity and petrochemicals often suffer catastrophic accidents due to lightning strikes. It is not difficult to see that the range of lightning disasters has expanded with social and economic development, and its manifestations have expanded with its scope and the rise of high-tech complex information, biology, ocean, space, energy, and materials has promoted the rapid development of social productivity.
As the basis of information technology, microelectronics technology has a very good development trend and a huge impact. Lightning or, more precisely, thunder and lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP) generated by lightning have serious potential insecurity for microelectronic devices. This is because microelectronic devices are only resistant to low voltage and are particularly sensitive to electromagnetic pulses. Therefore, when the modern society relies more and more on microelectronic devices such as communications, electronics, and computers, thunder and lightning impacts the application of high technology through its destructive effects on microelectronic devices, and its impact on disasters may affect thousands of families and social and economic life. aspect. The direct lightning strikes sound, light, electricity, magnetism, heat and other phenomena at the same time, can destroy its surrounding buildings, life and property. Therefore, LEMP is the most significant feature of modern lightning disasters, and it is also an important issue that lightning protection technology needs to solve most. The basic function of lightning protection devices (LPS) is to protect lives and property from lightning disasters or reduce the extent of such disasters.
After more than 200 years of exploration and practice, people have come to the basic conclusion that the basic way to achieve lightning protection is to provide a reasonable path for the discharge of lightning (including lightning electromagnetic pulses) to the ground instead of randomly selecting the discharge channel. The meaning is to control the discharge or conversion of lightning strike energy.