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Light control protein channel nano valve developed successfully
Light-controlled protein channels could mark a new era in nanotechnology. In principle, constructing a nanodevice isn't too different from building traditional machinery. Engineers first design the necessary components and then figure out how to assemble them to achieve a specific function. However, the real challenge lies in designing these devices at the nanoscale, where even the smallest miscalculation can lead to failure. Fortunately, nature has already solved many of these problems through evolution, offering scientists valuable blueprints in the form of proteins.
Researchers from the University of Gothenburg and the BiOMaDe Technology Center in the Netherlands have showcased the potential of this bio-inspired approach. Ben Feringa explained that MscL is a membrane protein found in *E. coli* that acts as a channel for transporting substances in and out of the cell. It can be opened or closed using light, making it a kind of biological safety valve. He noted, "It helps prevent cells from bursting. When internal pressure becomes too high, the channel opens up to 3 nanometers, allowing excess material to escape. This makes it an ideal, self-regulating system."
Normally, MscL remains closed due to hydrophobic interactions. But when there's excessive pressure, the channel opens until the stress is relieved. Feringa and his team developed a reversible optical switch that activates under ultraviolet light and deactivates under visible light. They attached this switch to a specific region of the MscL protein and introduced it into a synthetic membrane. The results showed that UV light could open the channel, which then closed again when exposed to visible light.
In follow-up experiments, they inserted the modified MscL into microliposomes filled with fluorescent dyes. The findings revealed that light could effectively control the release of the dye, with only minimal leakage observed. This demonstrates the potential of using light to precisely regulate molecular transport at the nanoscale.
While this is still an early stage of research, scientists are working to refine the technique, with hopes of applying it to targeted drug delivery systems. Feringa envisions a future where such tiny devices become the foundation for advanced nanotechnology. He said, "In nanotechnology, we often struggle with integrating parts and ensuring they work together properly." He added, "Once the basic principles are established, the next challenge is figuring out how to combine these nano-valves with nanofluidic channels to create functional systems."