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Working principle and application of fully enclosed liquefied petroleum gas pump
**1. Overview of the Closed Liquefied Petroleum Gas Pump**
With the continuous development of the oil industry, the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a domestic fuel for urban and rural residents has gradually replaced traditional fuels. As a result, the application of canned LPG systems has become increasingly widespread. At the same time, the number of LPG stations has grown rapidly.
Currently, the most commonly used equipment is a single-acting vane rotor pump, which employs two single-end mechanical seals on the shaft. One side serves as a shaft seal to prevent LPG leakage, while the other side ensures that the bearing is properly lubricated with grease. However, in practice, these mechanical seals tend to wear out over time, leading to noticeable odors in the tank area and environmental pollution. Additionally, replacing the seals is a cumbersome process that is not ideal for maintenance or overhaul.
Drawing inspiration from the principle of permanent magnet drive technology, which has been successfully applied in non-leaking magnetic centrifugal pumps, valves, and reactors, this study extends the concept to rotor pumps. The result is a fully enclosed LPG pump that achieves a completely sealed and leak-proof design. This pump is not only suitable for transporting canned LPG but can also handle volatile liquids such as liquid hydrocarbons, liquid ammonia, propylene, and other similar petroleum products.
**2. Working Principle of the Pump**
The fully enclosed liquefied petroleum gas pump is a single-acting vane pump, as illustrated in Figure 1. It consists of several key components, including the pump housing, inner sleeve, rotor, shaft, sliding vanes, and side plates. The inner sleeve and rotor are positioned with an eccentric distance, allowing the vanes to slide within the rotor slots. When the rotor rotates, the vanes are pushed outward by centrifugal force, making contact with the inner surface of the sleeve and forming multiple closed working chambers between the vanes and the side plates.
As the rotor turns counterclockwise, the right-side vanes extend outward, increasing the volume between adjacent vanes and creating a partial vacuum that draws in the liquid through the inlet. This is the suction phase of the pumping process. On the left side, the vanes are gradually pressed inward by the inner sleeve, reducing the volume between them and forcing the liquid out through the outlet. One full rotation of the rotor completes one cycle of suction and discharge.
Between the suction and discharge chambers, there is a sealing zone that prevents mixing of the fluids. The displacement of the pump is proportional to both the eccentricity and the rotational speed. Therefore, adjusting the eccentricity or speed allows for control of the flow rate, enabling the pump to be adapted to various operational conditions.
This type of pump is a rotary displacement pump, and when the number of vanes exceeds four, the pulsation in the output is minimal. Unlike centrifugal pumps, the efficiency of this pump is relatively unaffected by changes in fluid viscosity or pressure. These characteristics make it more efficient and reliable for handling volatile and sensitive liquids.
Figure 2 shows the performance curve of the vane pump, and Table 1 lists the basic parameters of the CYQB series fully enclosed LPG pump.
**Table 1: Basic Parameters of the CYQB Fully Enclosed LPG Pump**
| Model | Flow Rate (m³/h) | Head (m) | Power (kW) | Speed (r/min) |
|-------|------------------|----------|------------|---------------|
| CYQB-10 | 5.0 | 30 | 1.1 | 1450 |
| CYQB-15 | 7.5 | 35 | 1.5 | 1450 |
| CYQB-20 | 10.0 | 40 | 2.2 | 1450 |
This pump is an ideal solution for safe and efficient transportation of hazardous and volatile liquids, ensuring environmental protection and operational reliability.