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The utilization of resources is the third interpretation of the key data of the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†Outline
During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste in China reached 60%, with an average annual growth of 4.2%. This target was outlined in the "Outline for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan on National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China." However, the progress has not been smooth, especially in regions affected by chromium slag pollution incidents in Qinghai, Shandong, Liaoning, Hubei, and Chongqing. These events have made many local governments cautious about approving new chromium salt projects.
The national plan’s goal of increasing solid waste utilization to 60% is particularly timely for the petroleum and chemical industry, which faces significant challenges in managing its waste. According to statistics, the petroleum and chemical industry generates approximately 68 million tons of industrial solid waste annually, accounting for 5.9% of the country's total. This makes it the fifth-largest source of industrial solid waste. The diversity of products in this sector leads to a wide range of waste types, each requiring different treatment methods.
For example, in the phosphate fertilizer industry, producing 1 ton of phosphoric acid generates about 5 tons of phosphogypsum as a byproduct. With an annual output exceeding 20 million tons, phosphogypsum poses a serious environmental challenge, especially in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan, where waste residue from fertilizer plants reaches hundreds of millions of tons and grows at a rate of 15% per year.
Similarly, in the chlor-alkali industry, the production of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) using the calcium carbide method results in large amounts of calcium carbide slag. In 2004, China produced 5.023 million tons of PVC, with 3 million tons coming from the calcium carbide process, generating over 3 million tons of slag. Meanwhile, the chromium salt industry has accumulated more than 2 million tons of chromium slag, with an additional 500,000 to 600,000 tons added annually.
In addition, the annual production of used tires in China has reached around 100 million, growing at double-digit rates and placing the country second globally in tire production. These figures highlight the urgent need for effective solid waste management solutions in the oil and chemical industry.
To address these issues, companies must focus on two main approaches: harmless treatment and resource utilization. While harmless treatment is necessary, it is often seen as a negative and costly process. Resource utilization, on the other hand, offers a more sustainable and economically beneficial approach. By turning waste into valuable resources, companies can generate economic returns while supporting the concept of a circular economy.
Despite this, the current level of solid waste utilization in the oil and chemical industry still lags behind that of other sectors. As of last year, the overall utilization rate of industrial solid waste nationwide reached 55.8%. However, for key wastes such as chromium slag, phosphogypsum, and calcium carbide slag, the utilization rate remains low—some are even in their early stages of development. The utilization of waste tires is relatively higher, reaching about 70%, but the same cannot be said for other materials.
Improving the overall utilization of solid waste is crucial for the sustainable development of the petroleum and chemical industry. Many enterprises currently rely on stockpiling, which is not a long-term solution. With land resources becoming increasingly scarce, how much space will be left for waste storage? If a plant is surrounded by high-level waste, how can it expand or operate efficiently?
Therefore, while the 4.2% annual increase in solid waste utilization is an expected target set by the government, it should be treated as a binding requirement for the industry. Only through strict implementation can the sector move toward a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future.